Chameleon Mask

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Chameleon Mask 

Bwa and Nuna Chameleon Mask

 The Bwa and Nuna are distinct but related ethnic groups in Burkina Faso, known for their traditional masks and beliefs, particularly their connection to nature spirits and the use of masks in rituals and ceremonies. The chameleon, due to its capacity to physically mutate in nature and adapt to its surroundings, is an important symbol of wisdom. Among certain Voltaic ethnic groups, patterns of geometric lines colored red white and black, communicate important spiritual messages. Voltaic ethnic groups, also known as Gur, are a major cultural group in West Africa. Voltaic peoples are concentrated in Burkina Faso, with significant populations also in northern Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire, and parts of Mali.


Bwa and Nuna Map

The Bwa People:

Primarily live in the dry savannah land of central Burkina Faso.

Traditional Masks:

Known for their use of traditional tribal masks, including tall plank masks (nwantantay) made of wood. Southern Bwa are known for their tall plank masks, while northern Bwa use leaf masks more frequently. Masks represent spirits of nature and are used in rituals to control these forces and enlist their help against destruction. Masks can represent different animals and have specific designs, such as a butterfly mask with concentric circles or a hawk mask with a plain white surface.

Religion:

The Bwa seek the help of powerful spirits who live in the wild forests, bush country, and rivers surrounding their villages.

Rituals:

Masks are used in rituals of the Do initiatic society, and performances generally take place in the dry season between February and May.

Language:

The Bwa speak Bwa languages, a closely related group of Gur languages of the Niger–Congo family. Some speak Jula (Dioula) for trading and communication with outsiders, and French is also used.

The Nuna (Nunuma) People:

Also live in the dry savannah land of central Burkina Faso, often alongside the Bwa.

Traditional Masks:

The Nuna also use masks in their rituals, and some masks are based on the masks of the Gurunsi/Nunuma and their cousins the Bobo. The Nuna believe in a creator god named Yi and worship natural spirits, which are represented by the masks.

Religion:

Belief in a supreme creator being is central to Nuna beliefs. A shrine to this god occupies the center of every village. They believe in the spirit Su, which is enshrined in the oldest and most sacred mask in the community.

Rituals:

Masks are used in performances to honor the dead, escort the deceased's soul to the world beyond, and ensure the proper progression of the season.

Language:

The group speaks the Nuni language. Nuni is the Gur language continuum of the Nuna people of Burkina Faso. The northern and southern varieties are not mutually intelligible.

Mask Ceremony Video

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